Īll ECG tracings were also assessed for the presence of sinus arrhythmias, supraventricular, junctional, and ventricular arrhythmias. However, a short-PR interval without delta wave has been reported as a normal variant of an athlete’s ECG. Ī left posterior fascicular block (LPFB) was diagnosed when all the criteria were met: right axis deviation, (+90, +180 degrees), qR complex in III and aVF leads, rS complex in I and aVL leads, time to peak R-wave > 45 ms, QRS complex duration 120 ms with delta wave and ST-T wave changes. The ER was defined as elevation of the J point (offset of QRS complex) of at least 0.1 mV in ≥ two adjacent leads in the anterior (V1–V4), the inferior (II, III, aVF), and the lateral (V5, V6, I, aVL) heart wall. The ECG tracings were also assessed for the presence of early repolarisation (ER). Sinus bradycardia was defined as a resting HR 35 mm) and Cornell index (S in V3 + R in aVL > 28 mm for male and > 20 mm for female) were used. Quantitative measurements including the heart rate (HR bpm), PR interval, QRS duration, QT interval, corrected QT interval - calculated according to the Bazet’s formula, heart axis deviation, P wave duration, P wave amplitude, Q wave amplitude, Q wave duration, R wave amplitude, S wave amplitude, STJ amplitude, STM amplitude, STE amplitude, and T wave amplitude were calculated automatically and then verified by the persons describing the electrocardiograms. In case of discrepancies, ECG tracings were reviewed again and mutual agreement was obtained. The analysis of ECG was performed independently by two investigators. The ECG was recorded at 25 mm/s and 10 mm/mV in all participants. The examination was conducted using a Marquette-Hellige ECG machine with dedicated Cardios-Soft V6.73.2 software by General Electric, USA. All athletes or their guardians gave their informed consent to the study.Ī standard resting 12-lead ECG was performed at least 12 h after the last intensive physical activity. Morphometric (height, body weight) and demographic data were obtained. The research was carried out in November 2014 (rowers, cyclists), December 2014 (canoeists), and April 2015 (rowers).Īll athletes underwent cardiovascular screening including a physical examination and taking personal and family history with a emphasis on SCDs before 45 years of age among first- and second-degree relatives. Results: The Refined criteria reduced (p 18 years of age (elite athletes). All sports persons had a 12-lead ECG performed and evaluated according to 2010 European Society of Cardiology (ESC) recommendations, 2012 Seattle criteria, and 2014 Refined criteria. Methods: 262 high-dynamic, high-static Polish athletes (rowers, cyclists, canoeists) were divided into two age categories: young (≤ 18 years of age n = 177, mean age 16.9 ± 0.8 15–18 years) and elite (> 18 years of age n = 85, mean age 22.9 ± 3.4 19–34 years). We compared different criteria of ECG screening assessment in a group of top-level athletes.Īim: The aims were to evaluate the prevalence of ECG changes in athletes that necessitate further cardiological work-up according to three criteria in various age groups as well as to identify factors determining the occurrence of changes related and unrelated to the training. Kondratowicza 8, 03–242 Warszawa, Poland, tel: +48 22 326 58 24, e-mail: Accepted: Available as AoP: īackground: The Ministry of Health in Poland recommends electrocardiogram (ECG)-based cardiovascular screening in athletes, but so far there has been a lack of guidelines on preparticipation assessment. Jakubiak, MD, Mazovia Brodno Hospital, ul. Jakubiak 1, 2, Krystyna Burkhard-Jagodzińska 3, Wojciech Król 2, 4, Marcin Konopka 2, 4, Dominik Bursa 5, Dariusz Sitkowski 3, Marek Kuch 1, 2, Wojciech Braksator 2, 4ġDepartment of Cardiology, Hypertension and Internal Disease, Second Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, PolandģInstitute of Sport - National Research Institute in Warsaw, PolandĤDepartment of Sports Cardiology and Noninvasive Cardiovascular Imaging, Second Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, PolandĥSecond Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, PolandĪgnieszka A. The differences in electrocardiogram interpretation in top-level athletesĪgnieszka A.
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